Wednesday, 15 April 2020

Programming for beginners: learning Python made easy

Python is generally considered a relatively simple programming language - both when it comes to learning and the application of what you have learned. According to experts, Python is suitable for a whole range of applications. Getting started can be just as difficult as with other programming languages. Every decision you make in this regard has an impact. Regardless of whether it is about the operating system, the runtime or the development environment.

Get in touch with Python: To make this a stress-free experience, we tell you what you need to get started.  Get in touch with Python: To make this a stress-free experience, we tell you what you need to get started.

For this reason, we have put together all the important steps for you to get started with Python. We show you the different Python distributions, tell you which development environment is best suited for your purposes and provide you with tools that should support you in the best possible way when programming with Python. So you should be spared the usual mistakes and misfortunes that beginners often haunt.

The first thing you will probably be asking yourself is which version of Python should you use best. Answer: Python 3. This is the current and future-proof version of the programming language. Python 2 is now only a legacy version, which is still supported for reasons of backward compatibility. In comparison, Python 3 offers the same features as Python 2 but has significant performance advantages.

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Choose your Python platform


How you start programming with Python depends largely on which operating system you want to use as a development environment. Fortunately, the programming language is available for all common operating systems. Various good editor programs and development environments are also available.

Warning: The instructions in this section refer to the standard version of Python published by the Python Software Foundation. Python is also available in other versions, some of which may be better suited to your needs. Therefore, before you install anything, you should first read the "Overview of Python distributions" section.

Microsoft Windows: Python is not part of Windows by default. The interaction with Microsoft's operating system is therefore not particularly complex: download a runtime environment, click a few buttons - done. If you are using the Chocolatey Package Manager for Windows (and why not if it makes life easier), just type "choco install python3" in the command line.

Linux: Python is now part of almost every major Linux distribution. The only question is whether you get the latest version of the programming language by default. Some Linux distributions come with older versions of Python for a good reason: The scripts are often written specifically for distribution and therefore only work with a specific version of Python. If this is the case, you may not be able to avoid installing an older version of Python using the Package Manager. If you want to avoid different versions coming into conflict with each other. The piano software helps you do this.

macOS: The situation on the Mac operating system is very similar to that of Linux - with a few exceptions. First: The only Python variant pre-installed on the latest version of macOS (10.11) is 2.7.10. In order to use Python 3 with the Mac, you have to use Homebrew to install it. Prev is recommended for management. If you have installed Docker, you can also simply create a container with a Python runtime environment and use it as the basis for a project.

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Overview of Python distributions

Python is available in a variety of different distributions. The purpose of this variety is - as with Linux - to be able to serve as many different usage scenarios as possible. The following compilation should give you an overview of some selected distributions - namely the best known and most used ones. CPython: Made by the Python Software Foundation, CPython is the basic runtime environment and something like a "general-purpose weapon" version. In addition to the interpreter and standard library, a smorgasbord of components from third-party manufacturers is also included.

It is worth knowing in this connection that there is no direct technical support for CPython. There is a built-in mechanism for third-party packages called pip, but implementing larger and more complex packages can be challenging. Suitable for: Beginners who do not want to dare much and real "do-it-yourselfers" who are not afraid to look for their individual parts together.

ActivePython: ActiveState markets a whole range of consumer and enterprise runtime environments and IDEs (integrated development environment). In addition to CPython, ActivePython also contains dozens of pre-installed libraries and is therefore much easier to use than CPython. There are also numerous performance improvements for many libraries in the areas of mathematics and science.

The use of money is necessary to use ActivePython. There are three versions to choose from: a free "Community Edition" (no support), a "Business Edition" and an "Enterprise Edition". Enterprise users can work their way up through the pyramid to see if ActivePython fits their project.

Suitable for: Enterprise users who want to easily access many third-party libraries. And are willing to pay for support.

PyPy: The biggest unique selling point of the Python distribution PyPy is speed. With the help of a JIT (Just in time) compiler, it accelerates Python applications. And sometimes dramatically. However, this performance improvement manifests itself primarily in applications that run over a long period of time.

Suitable for: Developers of long-term services that benefit from the dynamics of Python.

Anaconda: In practice, Python is mainly used in mathematics and statistics. For example when it comes to data analysis or machine learning. There are now a number of Python distributions that are specially designed for these application scenarios. Anaconda from Continuum Analytics is one of the best known and most used. As in the case of ActivePython, numerous Python libraries are included in the package - among others, Intel-optimized versions of math libraries are used. Anaconda also has its own installer to manage third-party libraries. This makes it easier to keep the packages up to date.

Suitable for: Anyone who uses Python for data analysis or machine learning. Anaconda is not made exclusively for these use cases but is strongly tailored to them. The Python distribution Enthought is an alternative to Anaconda.

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